Here’s the ones I know
Black - Darkfriends
Yellow - Healing
Green - Battle and take lots of Warders
Blue - Investigative
Red - Gentle men who can channel, don’t generally take warders
Brown - Seeks knowledge
I don’t exactly know the other two though, does it ever explain what the Grey and White ajahs do? I know that the White is described as being “logical and unfeeling,” but what do they do? And I swear that Grey was never touched on.
EDIT: Thanks everyone! Your answers have really cleared things up for me.